Canada

Federal constitutional monarchy — Westminster-style parliamentary democracy

Canada is a federal constitutional monarchy: King Charles III, head of state and also sovereign of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms, is represented day to day by a Governor General — Louise Arbour since June 2026 — who exercises nearly all constitutional functions in his name (royal assent, appointment of judges and senators, summoning and dissolving Parliament). The Prime Minister, leader of the party holding the confidence of the House of Commons, heads the federal government, whose powers are shared with ten provinces and three territories according to a division of powers set out in the Constitution.