Canada

Environmental resources and challenges of Canada

With electricity generation dominated by hydroelectricity and complemented by a nuclear fleet concentrated in Ontario, Canada's electricity mix is largely decarbonised, but CO2 emissions per capita remain among the highest of the developed countries because of oil and gas production, especially from the Alberta oil sands. The country is increasingly exposed to major wildfires, as in the record 2023 season, and to accelerating permafrost thaw in the Canadian Arctic, which threatens the infrastructure and ways of life of northern communities.