One official language, several recognised regional languages
For most of its history the United States had no official language at federal level, with English prevailing in practice as the language of government, education and business; a 2025 executive order gave it official status at federal level. Spanish is by far the most spoken language after English, especially in the Southwest, Florida and Puerto Rico, where it is co-official.
English
De facto language of the federal administration; made official at federal level by a 2025 executive order, after having no national official status for more than two centuries. Some thirty states had individually made it their official language before then.
Spanish
Native American languages (Navajo, Central Yupik…)
Several dozen Indigenous languages survive, some co-official locally (Navajo in the Navajo Nation, for example); most are classified as critically endangered by UNESCO.